For those who’ve been within the blockchain house for a while, you’ve in all probability seen the phrases Layer-1 and Layer-2 used to seek advice from blockchains – however what do these imply? What are the variations?
These phrases describe elementary variations to the construction of a blockchain, and greedy them is essential to creating an understanding of blockchain scalability, safety, and effectivity.
On the lookout for the quick reply? In essence:
Layer-1 blockchains are massive, main, foundational networks, reminiscent of Bitcoin, Ethereum and Solana. They’re the tree trunk, from which all the things else branches from. They’re trusted and safe, however typically additionally cumbersome as they’re designed to be a basic device, fairly than optimised for a particular job. This implies transaction velocity is low, and prices are excessive.Layer-2 blockchains are facet networks, constructed on high of Layer-1 blockchains, reminiscent of Polygon, Immutable, and Base. They’re the branches, sprouting from the tree trunk. They’re typically specialised for a particular area of interest, e.g. blockchain video games, and course of high-volume transactions away from the primary blockchain, permitting apps to run at velocity with out clogging the Layer-1 community. This implies transaction speeds are excessive, prices are low – and as safety is garnered from the Layer-1 it’s branching from, safety continues to be sturdy.Layer-3 blockchains are specialist networks, constructed on high of Layer-2 blockchains. They’re the leaves, sprouting from the branches. These are sometimes reserved for explicit high-volume apps, to forestall transactions from clogging the Layer-2 community. As they’re constructed particularly for one app, this implies transaction speeds are very excessive, and prices are very low.
Need to dive deeper and be taught the way it all works? Learn on…
What’s a Layer-1 blockchain?
Layer-1 blockchains are the spine of a decentralized world. They’re chargeable for processing and finalizing transactions on the pinnacle of safety and integrity.. Among the most well-known Layer-1 blockchains embody Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), and Solana (SOL).
Bitcoin was the primary Layer-1 blockchain. Designed for peer-to-peer transactions, and utilizing a proof-of-work consensus mechanism, it trades velocity and quantity for outright safety – that means that while it’s splendid for securely dealing with a small quantity of necessary transactions, it struggles to scale successfully.
Ethereum expanded on Bitcoin by introducing good contracts, enabling the event of decentralized purposes (dApps). Nevertheless, the rise of the primary high-volume blockchain-based recreation, CryptoKitties, congested Ethereum to such an extent that almost all of Ethereum’s site visitors was devoted solely to supporting the CryptoKitties recreation, sending transaction velocity by means of the ground, and transaction costs by means of the roof.
This spurned the event of among the first Ethereum Layer-2 blockchains (reminiscent of Polygon and Immutable), and new Layer-1 blockchains that aimed to unravel the identical downside, reminiscent of Circulate.
Many different Layer-1 blockchains have since sprung up, every making an attempt to be a stable spine for additional improvement.
Layer-1’s course of transactions by verifying their authenticity by means of a community of nodes (particular person units of pc {hardware}), and recording them in blocks. As soon as a block of transactions is verified, it’s added to the blockchain, making the transactions irreversible and safe.
Most Layer-1 blockchains are siloed, that means they can not talk with different Layer-1 networks, although there’s rising curiosity in constructing bridges – instruments which may enable Layer-1 blockchains to speak amongst one another, permitting property to be ship between them.
What’s a Layer-2 blockchain?
Layer-2 blockchains are constructed on high of Layer-1 blockchains to develop their scalability or develop their performance. They typically concentrate on a specific area of interest, and purpose to dump among the transactional burden from the Layer-1, permitting for sooner and cheaper transactions for high-volume apps.
Polygon is without doubt one of the most well-known Layer-2 options for Ethereum. It makes use of an array of sidechains to course of transactions, that are then batched and finalised onto Ethereum – that means that as an alternative of paying for one costly Ethereum transaction, you’re paying for a small fraction of 1 transaction that’s mixed with many others, making speeds a lot larger and charges a lot decrease.
Immutable – a gaming-focused Layer-2 – furthered Layer-2 expertise by introducing zero-knowledge (ZK) rollups, which – in brief – enable enormous numbers of transactions to be verified and processed with none drawbacks on safety, offering a brand new degree of scalability to blockchains.
In contrast to Layer-1 blockchains, as they’re branched from their father or mother chain, many Layer-2 networks can talk with each other, permitting all kinds of apps to share knowledge and work with each other.
What’s a Layer-3 blockchain?
Layer-3 blockchains was stunningly uncommon, however have gotten more and more widespread as apps chase peak optimization.
Layer-3 blockchains are constructed on high of Layer-2 blockchains, and are sometimes constructed to help one explicit app or recreation. This enables that app or recreation to profit from even sooner transactions and even decrease prices.
That is sometimes executed both in anticipation of an app’s enormous reputation, or if a Layer-2 app is pushing such a high-volume of transactions that it’s clogging the Layer-2 and affecting different apps on the community.
We’ve written about two Layer-3 blockchains just lately: Anomaly, a Ethereum Layer-3 AI gaming platform; and Arbitrum Orbit, an Ethereum Layer-3 that was the previous dwelling for well-liked web3 MMORPG LumiTerra.
Now that you simply perceive the variations between a Layer-1, Layer-2 and Layer-3 blockchain, it is going to be simpler to each perceive and navigate the more and more advanced world of blockchain expertise. Keep in mind: Layer-1s are the trunks, Layer-2s are the branches, and Layer-3s are the leaves!
